Thursday, 29 August 2013

DIFFERENT TYPES BACKUP'S IN MSSql SERVER

There are different types of backup's are present, they are
1. Full backup:it is backup's total data base

Ex: BACKUP DATABASE test TO DISK='C:\Clr\test_full.bak';

2. Differential backup:
It is backup's recent transactions Or data in the database  from latest full backup on-words.

Ex: BACKUP DATABASE test TO DISK='C:\Clr\test_diff.bak' WITH DIFFERENTIAL

3. Transaction Log backup:
it is used for backup's the log file in the database


Ex: BACKUP LOG test TO DISK='C:\Clr\test_Log.bak'

4. Tail log backup: It is backup's the total transaction of the log file if the data base is corrupted.


Ex: BACKUP LOG test TO DISK='C:\Clr\test_tail_log.bak';

5. Striped backup:
it is internally shares the data to multiple files or multiple locations

Ex: BACKUP DATABASE test TO DISK='C:\Clr\test_part1.bak',DISK ='C:\Clr\test_part2.bak'
 /*(.....)*/
WITH FORMAT


6. Mirror backup : It will provides a Copy of same backup in another location

Ex: BACKUP DATABASE test TO DISK='C:\Clr\test_part1.bak'  MIRROR TO DISK ='C:\Clr\test_part2.bak'







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Monday, 26 August 2013

built in functions in MSSql server 2012

Built in functions :

MSSql server main contains the built in functions as follows:
1. String functions:
         
ASCII
LTRIM
SOUNDEX
CHAR
NCHAR
SPACE
CHARINDEX
PATINDEX
STR
CONCAT
QUOTENAME
STUFF
DIFFERENCE
REPLACE
SUBSTRING
FORMAT
REPLICATE
UNICODE
LEFT
REVERSE
UPPER
LEN
RIGHT

LOWER
RTRIM



2. Aggregate functions:















3. Analytical functions: 

configuration functions:


















Conversion functions:



DATA type functions:







Date and Time Functions:


Logical functions:



























Ranking functions:

Replication function:


Rowset Function:








System statistical functions:

System functions:



















Security function:



















4. User defined functions:


user defined function are 3 types they are

1.Scalar functions:

it returns the Single value

Ex:-
USE test;
GO
IF OBJECT_ID (N'dbo.ISOweek', N'FN') IS NOT NULL
    DROP FUNCTION dbo.ISOweek;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.ISOweek (@DATE datetime)
RETURNS int
WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
BEGIN
     DECLARE @ISOweek int;
     SET @ISOweek= DATEPART(wk,@DATE)+1
          -DATEPART(wk,CAST(DATEPART(yy,@DATE) as CHAR(4))+'0104');
--Special cases: Jan 1-3 may belong to the previous year
     IF (@ISOweek=0) 
          SET @ISOweek=dbo.ISOweek(CAST(DATEPART(yy,@DATE)-1 
               AS CHAR(4))+'12'+ CAST(24+DATEPART(DAY,@DATE) AS CHAR(2)))+1;
--Special case: Dec 29-31 may belong to the next year
     IF ((DATEPART(mm,@DATE)=12) AND 
          ((DATEPART(dd,@DATE)-DATEPART(dw,@DATE))>= 28))
          SET @ISOweek=1;
     RETURN(@ISOweek);
END;
GO
SET DATEFIRST 1;
SELECT dbo.ISOweek(CONVERT(DATETIME,'12/26/2004',101)) AS 'ISO Week';


2. Inline table valued function:


 USE AdventureWorks2012
GO
IF OBJECT_ID (N'Sales.ufn_SalesByStore', N'IF') IS NOT NULL
    DROP FUNCTION Sales.ufn_SalesByStore;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION Sales.ufn_SalesByStore (@storeid int)
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN 
(
    SELECT P.ProductID, P.Name, SUM(SD.LineTotal) AS 'YTD Total'
    FROM Production.Product AS P 
      JOIN Sales.SalesOrderDetail AS SD ON SD.ProductID = P.ProductID
      JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS SH ON SH.SalesOrderID = SD.SalesOrderID
    WHERE SH.CustomerID = @storeid
    GROUP BY P.ProductID, P.Name
);
GO

 SELECT * FROM Sales.ufn_SalesByStore (602);


3. Multistatement table valued function:



 USE AdventureWorks2012;
GO
IF OBJECT_ID (N'dbo.ufn_FindReports', N'TF') IS NOT NULL
    DROP FUNCTION dbo.ufn_FindReports;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.ufn_FindReports (@InEmpID INTEGER)
RETURNS @retFindReports TABLE 
(
    EmployeeID int primary key NOT NULL,
    Name nvarchar(255) NOT NULL,
    Title nvarchar(50) NOT NULL,
    EmployeeLevel int NOT NULL,
    Sort nvarchar (255) NOT NULL
)
--Returns a result set that lists all the employees who report to the 
--specific employee directly or indirectly.*/
AS
BEGIN
   WITH DirectReports(Name, Title, EmployeeID, EmployeeLevel, Sort) AS
    (SELECT CONVERT(Varchar(255), c.FirstName + ' ' + c.LastName),
        e.Title,
        e.EmployeeID,
        1,
        CONVERT(Varchar(255), c.FirstName + ' ' + c.LastName)
     FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e
          JOIN Person.Contact AS c ON e.ContactID = c.ContactID 
     WHERE e.EmployeeID = @InEmpID
   UNION ALL
     SELECT CONVERT(Varchar(255), REPLICATE ('| ' , EmployeeLevel) +
        c.FirstName + ' ' + c.LastName),
        e.Title,
        e.EmployeeID,
        EmployeeLevel + 1,
        CONVERT (Varchar(255), RTRIM(Sort) + '| ' + FirstName + ' ' + 
                 LastName)
     FROM HumanResources.Employee as e
          JOIN Person.Contact AS c ON e.ContactID = c.ContactID
          JOIN DirectReports AS d ON e.ManagerID = d.EmployeeID
    )
-- copy the required columns to the result of the function 
   INSERT @retFindReports
   SELECT EmployeeID, Name, Title, EmployeeLevel, Sort
   FROM DirectReports 
   RETURN
END;
GO
-- Example invocation
SELECT EmployeeID, Name, Title, EmployeeLevel
FROM dbo.ufn_FindReports(109)
ORDER BY Sort;
GO


4. Clr triggers :


 DECLARE @SamplesPath nvarchar(1024);
-- You may have to modify the value of this variable if you have
-- installed the sample in a location other than the default location.
SELECT @SamplesPath = REPLACE(physical_name, 'Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\master.mdf', 'Microsoft SQL Server\90\Samples\Engine\Programmability\CLR\') 
    FROM master.sys.database_files 
    WHERE name = 'master';

 CREATE ASSEMBLY [SurrogateStringFunction]
FROM @SamplesPath + 'StringManipulate\CS\StringManipulate\bin\debug\SurrogateStringFunction.dll'
WITH PERMISSION_SET = EXTERNAL_ACCESS;
GO

 CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[len_s] (@str nvarchar(4000))
RETURNS bigint
AS EXTERNAL NAME [SurrogateStringFunction].[Microsoft.Samples.SqlServer.SurrogateStringFunction].[LenS];
GO





(UDF) Limitations:

UDF have its own advantage and usage but in this article we will see the limitation of UDF. Things UDF can not do and why Stored Procedure are considered as more flexible then UDFs. Stored Procedure are more flexibility then User Defined Functions(UDF).

  • UDF has No Access to Structural and Permanent Tables.
  • UDF can call Extended Stored Procedure, which can have access to structural and permanent tables. (No Access to Stored Procedure)
  • UDF Accepts Lesser Numbers of Input Parameters.
  • UDF can have upto 1023 input parameters, Stored Procedure can have upto 21000 input parameters.
  • UDF Prohibit Usage of Non-Deterministic Built-in Functions
  • Functions GETDATE() etc can not be used UDFs, but can be used in Stored Procedure
  • UDF Returns Only One Result Set or Output Parameter
  • Due to this it can be used in SELECT statement but can not return multiple result set like Stored Procedure
  • UDF can not Call Stored Procedure
  • Only access to Extended Stored Procedure.
  • UDF can not Execute Dynamic SQL or Temporary Tables
  • UDF can not run dynamic SQL which are dynamically build in UDF. Temporary Tables can not be used in UDF as well.
  • UDF can not Return XML
  • FOR XML is not allowed in UDF
  • UDF does not support SET options
  • SET options which can change Server level or transaction level settings are prohibited in UDFs. (SET ROWCOUNT etc)
  • UDF does not Support Error Handling
  • RAISEERROR or @@ERROR are not allowed in UDFs.



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